PHOTO AND FILM CREDITS

American Jewish Archives

AP/Wide World Photos

CBS News Archives

Chicago Tribune

Nesse Godin

Library of Congress

Los Angeles Times

Ernest Michel

National Archives and Records Administration

New York Times

The Seattle Times

UCLA Film and Television Archive

University of Southern Carolina Newsfilm Archive

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives

The Washington Post

Books Used In Research

Berenbaum, Michael. "The World Must Know: The History Of The Holocaust As Told In The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum." New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1993.

Bliss, Ed. "In Search of Light: Broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow 1938-1961." New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967.

Breitman, Richard. "Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew." New York: Hill & Wang, 1999.

Cloud, Stanley and Olson, Lynne. "The Murrow Boys." New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1996.

Feingold, Henry L. "The Politics of Rescue: The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust, 1938-1945." New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1970.

Gruber, Ruth. "Haven: The Unknown Story of 1000 World War II Refugees." New York: New American Library, 1983.

Hogan, David, Ed. "The Holocaust Chronicle: A History in Words and Pictures." Illinois: Publications International Ltd., 2000.

Hollister, Paul and Strunsky, Robert, Eds. "From Pearl Harbor Into Tokyo: The Story As Told By War Correspondents On The Air." New York: Columbia Broadcasting System, 1945.

Hollister, Paul and Strunsky, Robert, Eds. "From D-Day to Victory in Europe: The Story as Told By War Correspondents On the Air." New York: Columbia Broadcasting System, 1945.

Kurth, Peter. "American Cassandra: The Life of Dorothy Thompson." Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1990.

Lacquer, Walter. "The Terrible Secret: An Investigation into the Suppression of Information About Hitler's 'Final Solution.'" London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980.

Lipstadt, Deborah E. "Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust, 1933-1945." New York: Free Press, 1986.

Medoff, Rafael. "The Deafening Silence: American Jewish Leaders and the Holocaust." New York: Shapolsky Publishers, 1987.

Milkman, Paul. "PM: A New Deal in Journalism, 1940-1948." New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

Mitgang, Herbert. "Civilians Under Arms: The Stars and Stripes, Civil War to Korea." Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996.

Morse, Arthur D. "While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy." New York: Overlook Press, 1967.

Rooney, Andy. "My War." New York: Random House, 1995.

Ross, Robert. "So It was True: The American Protestant Press and the Nazi Persecution of the Jews." Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980.

Shirer, William. "This is Berlin: Radio Broadcasts from Nazi Germany." New York, Overlook Press, 1999.

Smith, Howard K. "Events Leading Up to my Death." New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

Smith, Howard K. "Last train from Berlin." London: The Cresset Press, 1942.

Morgenthau, Henry III. "Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History." New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1991.

Tifft, Susan E. and Jones, Alex S. Jones "The Trust : The Private and Powerful Family Behind the New York Times." New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.

Wyman, David S. "The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945." New York: Pantheon, 1984.

Wyman, David S. ed. "America and the Holocaust: A Thirteen-Volume Set Documenting the Acclaimed Book the Abandonment of the Jews." New York: Garland Pub., 1989-1991.

Michael Berenbaum, Holocaust Scholar
Michael Berenbaum is respected worldwide as a Holocaust Scholar, and has authored more than ten books and several articles about the Holocaust. His books include, After Tragedy and Triumph, The World Must Know and Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp.

In the past, Berenbaum served as director of the United States Holocaust Research Institute and as the Hymen Goldman Adjunct Professor of Theology at Georgetown University. He was also the first project director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from its inception in 1988 until 1993.

Michael Berenbaum was also president and chief executive officer of the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation, a non-profit organization founded by Steven Spielberg that is dedicated to videotaping and preserving interviews of Holocaust survivors throughout the world.

Nesse Godin, Holocaust Survivor
Nesse Godin is a survivor of the Shauliai, Lithuania Ghetto, the Stutthof Concentration Camp, four labor camps, and a death march. She lived in Shauliai, Lithuania with her parents and two brothers until the Nazi invasion. She and her husband Jack, also a Holocaust survivor, came to the United States in 1950 and settled in the Washington, DC area.

Nesse has dedicated her adult life to teaching and sharing memories of the Holocaust, and has appeared before a variety of audiences. Nesse is Co-President of the Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Friends of Greater Washington. She also serves on the boards of other Holocaust survivor groups.

Ruth Gruber, Interior Department Special Assistant, 1941-1946
Ruth Gruber is a photojournalist and author of fourteen books who has written extensively about Israel and the Middle East. During World War II, Gruber worked as a foreign correspondent and then as a special assistant to Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior in the Roosevelt Administration.

In 1944, Ickes asked Gruber to escort a ship carrying 1,000 European refugees from Italy to Oswego, New York. She documented this trip through accounts and photographs in several books and projects including, Haven: The Unknown Story of 1,000 World War II Refugees, and a CBS miniseries scheduled to air in 2001.

Richard C. Hottelet, War Correspondent, UP and CBS
Richard C. Hottelet covered World War II for the United Press and CBS. In 1938, he joined the UP’s Berlin bureau and covered Hitler’s intense preparation for war. In 1941, he was arrested and jailed by the Gestapo. After his release, Hottelet worked for the Office of War Information in the United States and London.

In 1944, Hottelet became a CBS News correspondent in Edward R. Murrow’s London bureau. Assigned to the Ninth Air Force and U.S. First Army, Hottlet covered major military battles including the invasion of Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge. He continued to work for CBS after the war, and completed a 40-year career with the network.

Marvin Kalb, Executive Director, Shorenstein Center, Harvard University
Marvin Kalb is the first Executive Director and a lecturer in Public Policy for the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He has studied and lectured on the topic of the American Press response to the Holocaust.

During his award winning career in journalism that spanned more than 30 years, Kalb was the Chief Diplomatic Correspondent for CBS and NBC News, and moderator of "Meet the Press."

Laurel Leff, Professor of Journalism, Northeastern University

Deborah Lipstadt, Professor of Holocaust Studies, Emory University
Dr. Deborah E. Lipstadt is the Director of the Institute for Jewish Studies and a Professor of Holocaust Studies at Emory University. In 1986, Dr. Lipstadt wrote Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust. This book examined American press coverage of the persecution of European Jewry, and addressed the question "what did the American public know and when did they know it?"

Her latest book, Denying The Holocaust: The Growing Assault On Truth And Memory, is the first full length study of the history of those who attempt to deny the Holocaust. The book was the subject of simultaneous front page reviews in the New York Times and the Washington Post. It also resulted in an unsuccessful libel case filed in British Court by Holocaust denier David Irving.

Dr. Lipstadt has also worked as a historical consultant to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, served on the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, and has been called upon by members of the United States Congress to consult on political responses to Holocaust denial.

Dr. Rafael Medoff, Professor of Jewish Studies, S.U.N.Y., Purchase
Dr. Rafael Medoff is the Visiting Scholar in Jewish Studies at Purchase College at The State University of New York. He has published widely on the subject of America's response to the Holocaust, including the 1987 book, "The Deafening Silence: American Jewish Leaders and the Holocaust." Dr. Medoff has also authored several essays and articles that have appeared in scholarly journals, and he recently served as guest editor of a special two-part issue of "American Jewish History" devoted to "America and the Holocaust: New Perspectives."

Dr. Medoff has also received research fellowships from the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, the Lady Davis Fellowship Trust, the American Jewish Archives, the American Jewish Historical Society, and other institutions.

Ernest Michel, Holocaust Survivor
Ernest Michel is a survivor of several Nazi concentration camps including, Auschwitz, Birkenau, Buna-Monowoitz, and Buchenwald. Michel was born in Germany and sent to his first camp in 1939 at age 16. He escaped from a death march from Auschwitz before the end of World War II.

After the war, Michel worked as a special correspondent for the German News Agency DANA where he covered the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial. His articles carried the byline, "Auschwitz Survivor #104995," and appeared in all German newspapers. Michel arrived in the United States as a displaced person in 1946 with the aid of UJA funds. He eventually became a UJA staff member, culminating his career by serving as the Executive Vice President of the UJA-Federation of New York for 19 years.

A.M. Rosenthal, New York Times, 1943-1999
A.M. Rosenthal is a columnist at the New York Daily News, but he spent the majority of his journalistic career at The New York Times. He started as a college corespondent, then worked his way up to reporter, foreign correspondent, Executive Editor, and then as a columnist after he formally retired.

In 1996, the New York Times celebrated its 100th anniversary. To mark the occasion, the newspaper put together an exhibit that traced its century of news coverage. Rosenthal wrote the caption for the Holocaust display that read, "The charge has often been made that the New York Times’ coverage of the holocaust was grossly inadequate. The clippings from the New York Times shown on the left demonstrate that the charges were justified."